Absceso periamigdalino bilateral. Reporte de un caso y revisión de las controversias en el diagnóstico y tratamiento / Bilateral peritonsillar abscess. A case report and review of controversies surrounding diagnosis and management

La presentación bilateral del absceso periamigdalino es poco frecuente. Su abordaje es controversial y se discute si realizar amigdalectomía en caliente versus diferida. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 14 años, con odinofagia, trismo y fiebre. Presentaba hipertrofia amigdalina bilateral, pilares abombados y edema de paladar blando. Tomografía computada: hipertrofia amigdalina bilateral, con realce poscontraste, ambas con colección, edema con moderada estenosis faríngea. Se decidió internación para tratamiento endovenoso y amigdalectomía con drenaje bilateral. Resolución completa del cuadro con alta a las 48 horas. Ante la presencia de un absceso periamigdalino, debe considerarse la posibilidad de un absceso contralateral oculto. Debe ser diagnosticado y tratado adecuadamente para prevenir complicaciones. La amigdalectomía en caliente podría ser un tratamiento seguro y debería ser considerado en pacientes que serán sometidos a anestesia para drenaje. La decisión final debe ser determinada para cada caso en particular.

The bilateral presentation of peritonsillar abscess is uncommon. Its management is controversial and it has been argued whether a quinsy tonsillectomy or an interval tonsillectomy should be performed. Here we describe the case of a 14-year-old boy with sore throat, trismus, and fever. He had bilateral tonsillar hypertrophy, convex arches, and soft palate edema. Computed tomography: bilateral tonsillar hypertrophy, with post-contrast enhancement, both with collection, edema with moderate pharyngeal stenosis. The patient was hospitalized for intravenous therapy and tonsillectomy with bilateral drainage resulting in a complete resolution of his condition and discharge at 48 hours. In the presence of a peritonsillar abscess, an unsuspected contralateral abscess should be considered. It should be diagnosed and managed adequately to prevent complications. Quinsy tonsillectomy could be safe and should be considered in patients who will undergo anesthesia for abscess drainage. The final decision should be made for each patient on an individual basis.

Cirugía endoscópica transoral ultrasónica (TOUSS) en el diagnóstico del carcinoma de primario desconocido en cabeza y cuello / Transoral endoscopic ultrasonic surgery (TOUSS) in head and neck unknown primary carcinoma investigation

El carcinoma metastásico cervical de primario de origen desconocido (CPD) a las cadenas ganglionares linfáticas cervicales representa menos del 5% de todas las neoplasias malignas de cabeza y cuello. Publicaciones recientes avalan el uso de la cirugía transoral durante el proceso diagnóstico, a su vez la cirugía ultrasónica endoscópica transoral representa una alternativa técnica recientemente descrita. Se realizó un estudio piloto para evaluar la viabilidad de la mucosectomía transoral ultrasónica de la base de lengua (BDL) y la amigdalectomía bilateral en el diagnóstico de CPD. Se incluyeron 10 pacientes de forma consecutiva. En 2 casos (20%) se encontró el primario, uno en amígdala palatina derecha y otro en la BDL izquierda. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, la cirugía ultrasónica transoral representa una técnica útil al momento de realizar una mucosectomía de la BDL, así como la amigdalectomía bilateral durante el proceso diagnóstico en pacientes con CPD. (AU)

Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) to cervical lymph nodes represents less than 5% of all head and neck malignancies. Recent publications support the use of transoral surgery during the diagnosis work-up, and transoral endoscopic ultrasonic surgery represents a recently described alternative technique in transoral surgery. A pilot study to assess the feasibility of trans-oral ultrasonic base of tongue (BOT) mucosectomy and bilateral tonsillectomy approach in CUP diagnosis work-up was conducted. Ten patients were included consecutively. In two cases (20%) the primary was found, in one case in the right tonsil, and another one in the left BOT. According to our results, the use of trans-oral ultrasonic surgery to perform the base of tongue mucosectomy and bilateral tonsillectomy in CUP patient's during the diagnosis work-up represents an effective option in patients with good anatomical exposure. (AU)

Transoral endoscopic ultrasonic surgery (TOUSS) in head & neck unknown primary carcinoma investigation.

Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) to cervical lymph nodes represents less than 5% of all head and neck malignancies. Recent publications support the use of transoral surgery during the diagnosis work-up, and transoral endoscopic ultrasonic surgery represent a recently described alternative technique in transoral surgery. A pilot study to assess the feasibility of trans-oral ultrasonic base of tongue (BOT) mucosectomy and bilateral tonsillectomy approach in CUP diagnosis work-up was conducted. Ten patients were included consecutively. In 2 cases (20%) the primary was found, in one case in the right tonsil, and another one in the left BOT. According to our results, the use of trans-oral ultrasonic surgery to perform the base of tongue mucosectomy and bilateral tonsillectomy in CUP patient's during the diagnosis work-up represents an effective option in patients with good anatomical exposure.

Infecciones periamigdalinas en el área de salud de León los años previos a la pandemia, durante la misma y posterior a ella. Estudio de un periodo de 6 años / Trend of peritonsillar infections in the León Health Area in the years before, during and after the pandemic. Study of a 6-year period

Introducción y objetivo: La COVID-19 ha tenido diversas consecuencias para el sistema sanitario de salud. Centrándonos en nuestro Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, hemos observado un descenso en la aparición de infecciones periamigdalinas (IPA). El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar aspectos epidemiológicos de las IPA a lo largo de un período de 6 años. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo y longitudinal con datos obtenidos del registro hospitalario informatizado de León durante un período de 6 años. Resultados: Un total de 327 pacientes fueron incluidos, prepandemia 201 (61.47%), en pandemia 64 (19.54%) y postpandemia 62 (18.96%), con una disminución de 48.58% en la incidencia de IPA. Discusión: Encontramos resultados similares a los analizados en otras series sobre la incidencia de los abscesos periamigdalinos durante la pandemia, sin embargo, tenemos una mayor estancia media hospitalaria en los ingresos por dicha patología. Conclusiones: La pandemia ha repercutido y cambiado la forma de atender ciertas patologías. En nuestro caso, en lo referente a los abscesos periamigdalinos observamos un claro descenso. (AU)

Introduction and objective: COVID-19 has had various consequences for the health care system. Focusing on our ENT Service, we have observed a decrease in the occurrence of peritonsillar infections (PTI). The aim of this study is to evaluate epidemiological aspects of PTIs over a 6-year period. Method: Retrospective and longitudinal descriptive study with data obtained from the computerized hospital registry of León over a 6-year period. Results: A total of 327 patients were included, pre-pandemic 201 (61.47%), pandemic 64 (19.54%) and post-pandemic 62 (18.96%), with a decrease of 48.58% in the incidence of IPA. Discussion: We found similar results to those analyzed in other series about the incidence of peritonsillar abscesses during the pandemic, however, we have a longer mean hospital stay in admissions for this pathology. Conclusions: The pandemic has affected and changed the way we look at certain conditions. In our case, when looking at peritonsillar abscesses we have observed a clear decrease. (AU)

Factores dependientes del paciente adulto y su relación con la hemorragia y el dolor postamigdalectomía en régimen ambulatorio / Dependent factors in the adult patient and their relationship with post-tonsillectomy bleeding and pain in an outpatient setting

Introducción y objetivo: La amigdalectomía realizada de forma ambulatoria en pacientes adultos presenta como principales complicaciones postoperatorias la hemorragia y el dolor.El seguimiento de directrices como la técnica quirúrgica fría, protocolos analgésicos, entrevista preoperatoria y seguimiento postoperatorio ayudan a un mejor control del proceso. No obstante, existen factores dependientes del paciente como el sexo, la edad, la indicación de la amigdalectomía y el tiempo transcurrido entre la última infección amigdalar y la intervención quirúrgica que pueden influir en las complicaciones postoperatorias y deben ser considerados.El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la influencia de la edad, el sexo, la indicación de la amigdalectomía y el periodo transcurrido entre la última infección amigdalar y la intervención quirúrgica sobre la hemorragia y el control del dolor.MétodosPara ello se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, observacional, con 96 pacientes adultos que fueron intervenidos en régimen ambulatorio bajo anestesia general, empleando técnica quirúrgica fría, evaluando estas complicaciones en función de la edad, sexo, indicación para la amigdalectomía y el tiempo transcurrido tras la última amigdalitis.ResultadosLos pacientes intervenidos a lo largo de las cuatro semanas posteriores a un episodio de amigdalitis presentaron más dolor postoperatorio. No se encontró relación entre este periodo de tiempo y la hemorragia postoperatoria. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Tonsillectomy performed on an outpatient basis in adult patients presents bleeding and pain as main postoperative complications.Following rules such as cold surgical technique, analgesic protocols, preoperative interview, and postoperative follow-up help to better control the process. However, there are patient-dependent factors such as sex, age, indication for tonsillectomy and the time elapsed between the last tonsil infection and surgical intervention that can influence postoperative complications and should be considered.The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of age, sex, the indication for tonsillectomy and the period elapsed between the last tonsil infection and surgery on bleeding and pain control.MethodsA prospective, descriptive, and observational study was carried out in 96 adult patients who underwent outpatient surgery under general anaesthesia, using cold surgical technique, evaluating these complications based on age, sex, indication for tonsillectomy and time elapsed after the last tonsillitis.ResultsThe patients operated on during the 4 weeks after an episode of tonsillitis presented more postoperative pain. No relationship was found between this period and postoperative bleeding.ConclusionsMale patients had a higher incidence of bleeding than women.The period elapsed between the last tonsil infection and the surgical procedure was associated with greater postoperative pain, but not with greater postoperative bleeding. (AU)

Dependent factors in the adult patient and their relationship with post-tonsillectomy bleeding and pain in an outpatient setting.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Tonsillectomy performed on an outpatient basis in adult patients presents bleeding and pain as main postoperative complications. Following rules such as cold surgical technique, analgesic protocols, preoperative interview, and postoperative follow-up help to better control the process. However, there are patient-dependent factors such as sex, age, indication for tonsillectomy and the time elapsed between the last tonsil infection and surgical intervention that can influence postoperative complications and should be considered. The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of age, sex, the indication for tonsillectomy and the period elapsed between the last tonsil infection and surgery on bleeding and pain control. METHODS: A prospective, descriptive, and observational study was carried out in 96 adult patients who underwent outpatient surgery under general anaesthesia, using cold surgical technique, evaluating these complications based on age, sex, indication for tonsillectomy and time elapsed after the last tonsillitis. RESULTS: The patients operated on during the 4 weeks after an episode of tonsillitis presented more postoperative pain. No relationship was found between this period and postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Male patients had a higher incidence of bleeding than women. The period elapsed between the last tonsil infection and the surgical procedure was associated with greater postoperative pain, but not with greater postoperative bleeding.

Characterization of pain in the first two weeks after tonsillectomy in children 3 to 8 years old. A pilot study

Introduction and objective: To study the pain in children is a challenge. Tonsillectomy is a very common and painful surgical procedure in which there are still barriers to warrant an adequate pain management. The purpose of this study is to characterize the pain after surgery in children between 3 and 8 years-old who underwent tonsillectomy. Method: We performed a descriptive, observational and prospective study in children aged 3 to 8 who underwent tonsillectomy. The data collection was made through a pain questionnaire based in the intensity of pain from 0-10 in the Wong Baker scale (based on drawn faces). Parents also fulfilled other questions about the days that the children could not attend the school and the working days that the parents themselves lost. The analgesic treatment that each child received was also recorded. Results: Twenty-nine patient were included, 14 girls and 15 boys with a median age of 4. The highest level of pain was found the second day with a median value of 3,0. This second day was so chosen to compare the level of pain between indications. The median pain was 3,0 when it was for obstructive disease, but 4,0 when obstruction was associated with facial growth disorders. Children lost a median of 8 days at school and their parents 2 days at work each one. Discussion: Our limited data suggest that the long-term side effects of the upper airway obstruction due to tonsillar hypertrophy like disorders of facial growth made the surgery more painful and that the pain had in our environment a greater impact in patients and their parents lifes. It appears to be important to stablish a scheduled analgesic treatment for the first 10 days after surgery. (AU)

Introducción y objetivo: El dolor en niños ha sido siempre un reto terapéutico. La amigdalectomía es una cirugía muy prevalente y dolorosa, la cual aun presenta barreras para garantizar un adecuado control analgésico. El objetivo fue describir la mediana de dolor postoperatorio en niños entre 3 y 8 años que han sido intervenidos de una cirugía amigdalar.Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal en niños de 3 a 8 años del Hospital Universitario Quirón Pozuelo Madrid intervenidos de amigdalectomía durante el año 2020. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario de dolor, marcando la intensidad de este del 0-10 en la escala de dolor de Wong Baker (basado en dibujos con caras). Además, completaron otras preguntas sobre la indicación quirúrgica, los días lectivos perdidos por el niño y los laborables por los padres y la analgesia que recibió el niño.Resultados: Se incluyeron 29 pacientes, 14 niñas y 15 niños con una mediana de edad de 4. La mediana de dolor más alto se encontró el 2º día con un valor de 3,0. Por tanto, elegimos el 2º día para comparar la magnitud de dolor entre las distintas indicaciones. En función de la indicación quirúrgica, la mediana de dolor por obstrucción fue de 3,0, en cambio fue de 4,0 en los intervenidos por obstrucción en conjunto con alteraciones del crecimiento facial. Los niños perdieron una mediana de 8 días en el colegio y los padres perdieron una mediana de 2 días cada uno en el trabajo.Discusión: Los datos limitados que tenemos sugieren que la cronicidad de la obstrucción por la hipertrofia amigdalar dando lugar a alteraciones del crecimiento facial hizo la operación más dolorosa y además, el dolor tuvo unas mayores consecuencias en la vida diaria del paciente y sus progenitores. Es de gran importancia esforzarnos en cumplir una pauta analgésica en el postoperatorio los 10 primeros días. (AU)

Manejo de hemorragia posamigdalectomía en Chile / Treatment of post tonsillectomy bleeding in Chile

Resumen Introducción: La amigdalectomía es una de las cirugías más frecuentes en la población pediátrica. Aunque se considera una cirugía sencilla y segura, no está exenta de riesgos, siendo el principal la hemorragia posoperatoria. Objetivo: Evaluar el manejo de la hemorragia posamigdalectomía en otorrinolaringólogos en Chile. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo sobre la experiencia y manejo de hemorragias posamigdalectomía mediante una encuesta difundida a socios activos de la Sociedad Chilena de Otorrinolaringología, Medicina y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (SOCHIORL). Resultados: Se recopilaron respuestas de 102 de los 348 socios. El 97% ha presentado esta complicación. La medida inicial ante una hemorragia tardía fuera de una unidad de otorrinolaringología es derivar al servicio de urgencias en el 88% de los casos. En urgencia, la indicación más frecuente es administrar ácido tranexámico endovenoso en un 80%. En el caso de hemorragia sin estigmas de sangrado actual, un 68% indica alta con control precoz. Si se evidencian coágulos en la fosa amigdalina, el 72% indica hospitalización para observación. Si se evidencia sangrado activo, el 94% indica hospitalización y revisión de hemostasia en pabellón. Conclusión: Los resultados a nivel nacional, según este estudio, son concordantes con la literatura mundial. El manejo en el servicio de urgencia se basa en la experiencia del tratante. Respecto a los distintos escenarios clínicos, se recomienda hospitalización en caso de evidenciar coágulos y manejo en pabellón en la presencia de sangrado activo. El manejo es variable en pacientes sin hallazgos al examen físico.

Abstract Introduction: Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequent surgeries in the pediatric population. Although it is considered a simple and safe surgery, it has associated risks, the main one being postoperative bleeding. Aim: Evaluate the management of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in otorhinolaryngologists practicing in Chile. Material and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the experience and management of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage through a survey distributed to active members of the Sociedad Chilena de Otorrinolaringología, Medicina y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (SOCHIORL). Results: Responses were collected from 102 out of 348 active members, of which 97% have presented this complication. The initial measure in a late hemorrhage occurring outside of an otolaryngology unit is referral to the emergency department in 88% of cases. In the emergency room, the most frequent management is to administer intravenous tranexamic acid in 80%. In the case of hemorrhage without trace of current bleeding, 68% discharge with early control. If clots are evident in the tonsillar fossa, 72% admit for observation. If there is evidence of active bleeding, 94% admit and perform revision surgery. Conclusion: Results of this study are consistent with international literature. Management in the emergency department is based on the experience of the treating physician and different clinical scenarios. Hospitalization is recommended when clots are observed, revision surgery when evidence of active bleeding and, in patients with no findings at the moment of the evaluation, management is variable.

Single dose of intraoperative intravenous morphine for analgesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial / Dose única de morfina endovenosa intraoperatória para analgesia de crianças submetidas à amigdalectomia: ensaio clínico randomizado duplo cego

Abstract Introduction Children undergoing tonsillectomy have severe pain in the postoperative period. One of the pharmacological options for analgesia is opioids, such as morphine. However, the risks of adverse effects, such as increased recovery time from anesthesia and respiratory depression, can limit its use. Objectives To evaluate the use of intraoperative intravenous morphine to reduce immediate postoperative pain in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Methods In this double-blind randomized study, children aged 3-10 years were submitted to tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, and divided into two groups. Children in group M received 0.1 mg/kg of intravenous morphine during anesthetic induction, while those in the control group received conventional anesthesia without morphine. Postoperative pain perceptions were assessed at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after recovery from anesthesia, by the children themselves and also by their parents or guardians, using a facial pain scale. Results A total of 57 children were included, 30 in the group with morphine and 27 in the group without morphine. According to the children themselves, the postoperative pain was less at the evaluations performed at 30 min after awakening from anesthesia (p= 0.023), while according to their parents/guardians, the pain was less intense in the evaluations performed at 30 (p= 0.002), 60 (p= 0.006) and 180 min (p= 0.007) after awakening. Moreover, postoperative analgesics were less requested by children in the morphine group. No observed side effects were associated with the use of morphine. Conclusion A single dose of intravenous morphine during anesthetic induction reduced the intensity of immediate postoperative pain in children undergoing tonsillectomy, without increasing the time of awakening from anesthesia and with lower consumption of rescue analgesics.

Resumo Introdução Crianças submetidas a amigdalectomias apresentam dor intensa no pós-operatório. Uma das opções farmacológicas de analgesia são os opioides, como a morfina. No entanto, os riscos de efeitos adversos, como aumento do tempo de recuperação da anestesia e depressão respiratória, podem limitar o seu uso. Objetivos Avaliar o uso de morfina endovenosa intraoperatória na redução da dor pós-operatória imediata de crianças submetidas a amigdalectomia. Método Neste estudo cego randomizado, crianças de 3 a 10 anos foram submetidas a amigdalectomia, com ou sem adenoidectomia, e divididas em dois grupos. As crianças do grupo M receberam 0,1 mg.kg-1 de morfina endovenosa na indução anestésica, enquanto as do grupo controle receberam anestesia convencional sem morfina. As percepções de dor no pós-operatório foram avaliadas aos 30, 60, 120, 180 e 240 min após a recuperação da anestesia, pelas próprias crianças e também pelos seus pais ou responsáveis, com uma escala de dor pela face. Resultados Foram incluídas 57 crianças, 30 no grupo com morfina e 27 no grupo sem morfina. De acordo com as próprias crianças, a dor pós-operatória foi menor durante as avaliações feitas aos 30 minutos após o despertar da anestesia (p = 0,023), enquanto segundo seus pais/responsáveis a dor foi menos intensa nas avaliações feitas aos 30 (p = 0,002), 60 (p = 0,006) e 180 minutos (p = 0,007) após o despertar. Além disto, analgésicos no pós-operatório foram menos solicitados pelas crianças do grupo da morfina. Não foram observados efeitos colaterais associados ao uso da morfina. Conclusão Uma dose única de morfina endovenosa durante a indução anestésica reduziu a intensidade da dor pós-operatória imediata de crianças submetidas a amigdalectomia, sem aumento do tempo de despertar da anestesia e com menor consumo de analgésicos de resgate.

Complicaciones en amigdalectomía con electrodisección y técnica clásica: servicio desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga / Electrodissection and classical tonsillectomy complications: servicio desconcentrado Hospital Pediatrico Dr. Agustin Zubillaga

La amigdalectomía es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos más frecuentes en la actualidad especialmente en edad pediátrica. Con el objetivo de determinar las complicaciones en amigdalectomía con electrodisección y técnica clásica en pacientes pediátricos que ingresaron al Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga en el año 2017, se realizó un estudio de recolección retrospectiva de datos seleccionando 119 historias clínicas, obteniendo que 73,95% de los casos fueron intervenidos por técnica de electrodisección y 26,05% por técnica clásica. Las principales indicaciones para cirugía fueron amigdalitis a repetición e hipertrofia amigdalina. Para ambas técnicas, el tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue entre 21-40 minutos (44,32% y 48,39%, respectivamente) y la estancia hospitalaria menor de un día en 54,55% y 61,29% de los casos, respectivamente. La principal complicación intraoperatoria reportada fue la hemorragia (29,03% para la técnica clásica y 15,91% para la técnica de electrodisección). Entre las complicaciones postoperatorias, el dolor (63,64%) y la fiebre (60,23%) prevaleció en pacientes operados con electrodisección mientras que en los pacientes con técnica clásica la más frecuente fue la fiebre (61,29%). Con estos resultados, se demuestra que ambas técnicas tienen similar tiempo quirúrgico y estancia hospitalaria, pero difieren en en tipo de complicaciones(AU)

Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in our times especially in pediatric age. In order to determine the complications of electrodissection and classical tonsillectomy in pediatric patients who were admitted at the Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga in 2017, a review of 119 medical charts was performed. The results show that 73.95% of the cases had electrodissection tonsillectomy and 26.05% had classical tonsillectomy. The main indications for surgery were recurrent tonsillitis (electrodissection: 86.09% and classical: 80.65%) and tonsillar hypertrophy (electrodissection: 60.23% and classical: 35.48%). For both techniques, the mean surgical time was between 21-40 minutes (44.32% and 48.39%, respectively) and the hospital stay was less than one day (54.55% and 61.29%, each). The main intraoperative complication reported was hemorrhage (29.03% for classical versus 15.91% for electrodissection). Among the postoperative complications, pain (63.64%) and fever (60.23%) prevailed in patients with electrodissection tonsillectomy while fever was most frequent in patients with classical tonsillectomy (61.29%). These results show that both techniques have similar surgical time and hospital stay but differ in type of complications(AU)

Amigdalitis hemorrágica espontánea abscedada: revisión bibliográfica y reporte de un caso / Spontaneous tonsillar hemorrhage and abscess: bibliographic review and case report

En este artículo se presenta un paciente que en contexto de un cuadro amigdalino agudo bilateral con un absceso periamigdalino unilateral concomitante presenta sangrado espontáneo proveniente de la amígdala abscedada. Los signos y síntomas observados en este paciente, así como los estudios complementarios son compatibles con la entidad clínica definida como amigdalitis hemorrágica espontánea, una complicación altamente infrecuente de la amigdalitis aguda y/o crónica en nuestra época, la que solía tener una gran tasa de mortalidad y gravedad en la era preantibiótica. A continuación, se reúnen y analizan los antecedentes descritos en la literatura referidos a este cuadro, al igual que su estudio complementario requerido para definir conducta, la cual es fundamentalmente de resorte quirúrgico.

In this article we report a patient who, in the context of a bilateral acute tonsillar condition with a concomitant unilateral peritonsillar abscess presents spontaneous bleeding from the abscessed tonsil. The clinical features observed in our patient, as well as the complementary studies are all compatible with the clinical entity known as spontaneous tonsil hemorrhage, a highly rare complication of acute and/or chronic tonsillitis in our time, which used to have major severity and mortality rate in the pre-antibiotic era. Following next, we gather and analyze the information described in literature referred to this affliction, as well as the complementary tests required to define its fundamentally surgical management.

[Oral trans-mucosal dexmedetomidine for controlling of emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy: a randomized controlled trial]. / Dexmedetomidina transmucosa oral para controle da agitação ao despertar em crianças submetidas a amigdalectomia: ensaio clínico randomizado.

OBJECTIVES: Emergence agitation is a negative behavior commonly recorded after pediatric tonsillectomy. We investigated the efficacy of preoperative premedication with oral transmucosal buccal dexmedetomidine on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia. METHODS: Ninety patients aged (3-6 years), ASA I-II were enrolled into three groups (n = 30) to receive oral transmucosal dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg.kg-1 (Group DEX I), 1 µg.kg-1 (Group DEX II) or saline placebo (Group C). Our primary endpoint was the Watcha agitation score at emergence in PACU. Secondary outcomes were preoperative sedation score, intraoperative hemodynamics, postoperative Objective Pain Scale (OPS) and adverse effects. RESULTS: The patients' demographics, preoperative sedation scores and extubation time showed no difference between groups. Significant differences between groups in incidence and frequency distribution of each grade of Watcha score were evident at 5 minutes (p = 0.007), 10 minutes (p = 0.034), 30 minutes (p = 0.022), 45 minutes (p = 0.034) and 60 minutes (p = 0.026), postoperatively with significant differences between DEX I and II groups. DEX groups showed lower OPS scores at 5 minutes (p = 0.011), 10 minutes (p = 0.037) and 30 minutes (p = 0.044) after arrival at PACU, with no difference between DEX I and II groups. Patients in DEX II group exhibited lower intraoperative mean heart rate at 15 minutes (p = 0.020), and lower mean arterial pressure at 30 minutes, (p = 0.040), 45 minutes (p = 0.002) and 60 minutes (p = 0.006) with no significant differences between groups in other time points. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the clinical advantage and the simple technique of oral transmucosal DEX premedication for emergence agitation in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia compared with saline placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov trial registry: NCT02720705.

Oral trans-mucosal dexmedetomidine for controlling of emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy: a randomized controlled trial / Dexmedetomidina transmucosa oral para controle da agitação ao despertar em crianças submetidas a amigdalectomia: ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract Objectives: Emergence agitation is a negative behavior commonly recorded after pediatric tonsillectomy. We investigated the efficacy of preoperative premedication with oral transmucosal buccal dexmedetomidine on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia. Methods: Ninety patients aged (3-6 years), ASA I‒II were enrolled into three groups (n = 30) to receive oral transmucosal dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg.kg-1 (Group DEX I), 1 µg.kg-1 (Group DEX II) or saline placebo (Group C). Our primary endpoint was the Watcha agitation score at emergence in PACU. Secondary outcomes were preoperative sedation score, intraoperative hemodynamics, postoperative Objective Pain Scale (OPS) and adverse effects. Results: The patients' demographics, preoperative sedation scores and extubation time showed no difference between groups. Significant differences between groups in incidence and frequency distribution of each grade of Watcha score were evident at 5 minutes (p= 0.007), 10 minutes (p= 0.034), 30 minutes (p= 0.022), 45 minutes (p= 0.034) and 60 minutes (p= 0.026), postoperatively with significant differences between DEX I and II groups. DEX groups showed lower OPS scores at 5 minutes (p= 0.011), 10 minutes (p= 0.037) and 30 minutes (p= 0.044) after arrival at PACU, with no difference between DEX I and II groups. Patients in DEX II group exhibited lower intraoperative mean heart rate at 15 min (p= 0.020), and lower mean arterial pressure at 30 minutes, (p= 0.040), 45 minutes (p= 0.002) and 60 minutes (p= 0.006) with no significant differences between groups in other time points. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the clinical advantage and the simple technique of oral transmucosal DEX premedication for emergence agitation in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia compared with saline placebo. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov trial registry: NCT02720705.

Resumo Objetivos: A agitação ao despertar da anestesia é um comportamento negativo comumente registrado após amigdalectomia pediátrica. Avaliamos a eficácia da pré-medicação com dexmedetomidina via transmucosa oral no pré-operatório sobre a incidência e gravidade da agitação ao despertar em crianças pré-escolares submetidas à amigdalectomia sob anestesia com sevoflurano. Métodos: Noventa pacientes entre três e seis anos e estado físico ASA I-II foram incluídos em três grupos (n = 30) para receber 0,5 µg.kg-1 ou 1 µg.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina via transmucosa oral (Grupo DEX I e Grupo DEX II, respectivamente) ou solução salina (Grupo C). O desfecho primário foi o escore de agitação ao despertar medido com a escala de Watcha na SRPA. Os desfechos secundários foram escore de sedação pré-operatória, hemodinâmica intraoperatória, escore OPS (Objective Pain Scale) e efeitos adversos no pós-operatório. Resultados: A demografia dos pacientes, os escores de sedação pré-operatória e o tempo de extubação não apresentaram diferença entre os grupos. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos na distribuição da incidência e frequência de cada grau do escore de Watcha foram evidentes aos 5 minutos (p = 0,007), 10 minutos (p = 0,034), 30 minutos (p = 0,022), 45 minutos (p = 0,034) e 60 minutos (p = 0,026) no pós-operatório, com diferenças significativas entre os grupos DEX I e II. Os grupos DEX apresentaram escores OPS mais baixos aos 5 minutos (p = 0,011), 10 minutos (p = 0,037) e 30 minutos (p = 0,044) após a chegada à SRPA, sem diferença entre os grupos DEX I e II. Os pacientes do grupo DEX II apresentaram menor frequência cardíaca média aos 15 minutos de intraoperatório (p = 0,020) e menor pressão arterial média aos 30 minutos, (p = 0,040), 45 minutos (p = 0,002) e 60 minutos (p = 0,006), sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos em outros momentos. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra a vantagem clínica e a técnica simples da pré-medicação com DEX por via transmucosa oral para agitação ao despertar em crianças pré-escolares submetidas à amigdalectomia sob anestesia com sevoflurano, comparado à solução salina. Registro do estudo: Clinical Trials.gov trial registry: NCT02720705.

[Preemptive nebulized ketamine for pain control after tonsillectomy in children: randomized controlled trial]. / Uso preventivo de cetamina nebulizada para controle da dor após amigdalectomia em crianças: estudo randômico e controlado.

OBJECTIVES: The administration of ketamine as nebulized inhalation is relatively new and studies on nebulized ketamine are scarce. We aimed to investigate the analgesic efficacy of nebulized ketamine (1 and 2mg.kg-1) administered 30min before general anesthesia in children undergoing elective tonsillectomy in comparison with intravenous ketamine (0.5mg.kg-1) and saline placebo. METHODS: One hundred children aged (7-12) years were randomly allocated in four groups (n=25) receive; Saline Placebo (Group C), Intravenous Ketamine 0.5mg.kg-1 (Group K-IV), Nebulized Ketamine 1mg.kg-1 (Group K-N1) or 2mg.kg-1 (Group K-N2). The primary endpoint was the total consumption of rescue analgesics in the first 24h postoperative. RESULTS: The mean time to first request for rescue analgesics was prolonged in K-N1 (400.9±60.5min, 95% CI 375.9-425.87) and K-N2 (455.5±44.6min, 95% CI 437.1-473.9) groups compared with Group K-IV (318.5±86.1min, 95% CI 282.9-354.1) and Group C (68.3±21.9min, 95% CI 59.5-77.1; p<0.001), with a significant difference between K-N1 and K-N2 Groups (p<0.001). The total consumption of IV paracetamol in the first 24h postoperative was reduced in Group K-IV (672.6±272.8mg, 95% CI 559.9-785.2), Group K-N1 (715.6±103.2mg, 95% CI 590.4-840.8) and Group K-N2 (696.6±133.3mg, 95% CI 558.8-834.4) compared with Control Group (1153.8±312.4mg, 95% CI 1024.8-1282.8; p<0.001). With no difference between intravenous and Nebulized Ketamine Groups (p=0.312). Patients in intravenous and Nebulized Ketamine Groups showed lower postoperative VRS scores compared with Group C (p<0.001), no differences between K-IV, K-N1 or K-N2 group and without significant adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Preemptive nebulized ketamine was effective for post-tonsillectomy pain relief. It can be considered as an effective alternative route to IV ketamine.

Preemptive nebulized ketamine for pain control after tonsillectomy in children: randomized controlled trial / Uso preventivo de cetamina nebulizada para controle da dor após amigdalectomia em crianças: estudo randômico e controlado

Abstract Objectives The administration of ketamine as nebulized inhalation is relatively new and studies on nebulized ketamine are scarce. We aimed to investigate the analgesic efficacy of nebulized ketamine (1 and 2 mg.kg-1) administered 30 min before general anesthesia in children undergoing elective tonsillectomy in comparison with intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg.kg-1) and saline placebo. Methods One hundred children aged (7-12) years were randomly allocated in four groups (n = 25) receive; Saline Placebo (Group C), Intravenous Ketamine 0.5 mg.kg-1 (Group K-IV), Nebulized Ketamine 1 mg.kg-1 (Group K-N1) or 2 mg.kg-1 (Group K-N2). The primary endpoint was the total consumption of rescue analgesics in the first 24 h postoperative. Results The mean time to first request for rescue analgesics was prolonged in K-N1 (400.9 ± 60.5 min, 95% CI 375.9-425.87) and K-N2 (455.5 ± 44.6 min, 95% CI 437.1-473.9) groups compared with Group K-IV (318.5 ± 86.1 min, 95% CI 282.9-354.1) and Group C (68.3 ± 21.9 min, 95% CI 59.5-77.1; p < 0.001), with a significant difference between K-N1 and K-N2 Groups (p < 0.001). The total consumption of IV paracetamol in the first 24 h postoperative was reduced in Group K-IV (672.6 ± 272.8 mg, 95% CI 559.9-785.2), Group K-N1 (715.6 ± 103.2 mg, 95% CI 590.4-840.8) and Group K-N2 (696.6 ± 133.3 mg, 95% CI 558.8-834.4) compared with Control Group (1153.8 ± 312.4 mg, 95% CI 1024.8-1282.8; p < 0.001). With no difference between intravenous and Nebulized Ketamine Groups (p = 0.312). Patients in intravenous and Nebulized Ketamine Groups showed lower postoperative VRS scores compared with Group C (p < 0.001), no differences between K-IV, K-N1 or K-N2 group and without significant adverse effects. Conclusion Preemptive nebulized ketamine was effective for post-tonsillectomy pain relief. It can be considered as an effective alternative route to IV ketamine.

Resumo Objetivos A administração de cetamina por via inalatória através de nebulizador é relativamente nova e os estudos sobre este assunto são escassos. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a eficácia analgésica da cetamina nebulizada (1 e 2 mg.kg-1) administrada 30 minutos antes da anestesia geral em crianças submetidas à amigdalectomia eletiva, em comparação com cetamina intravenosa (0,5 mg.kg-1) e placebo (soro fisiológico). Métodos Cem crianças entre 7-12 anos foram randomicamente alocadas em quatro grupos (n = 25) e receberam: soro fisiológico para controle (Grupo C); 0,5 mg.kg-1 de cetamina intravenosa (Grupo C-IV); 1 mg.kg-1 de cetamina nebulizada (Grupo C-N1); 2 mg.kg-1 de cetamina nebulizada (Grupo C-N2). O desfecho primário foi o consumo total de analgésicos de resgate nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório. Resultados O tempo médio para a primeira solicitação de analgésicos de resgate foi prolongado nos grupos C-N1 (400,9 ± 60,5 min, IC 95% 375,9-425,87) e C-N2 (455,5 ± 44,6 min, IC 95% 437,1-473,9) em comparação com o Grupo C-IV (318,5 ± 86,1 min, IC 95% 282,9-354,1) e o Grupo C (68,3 ± 21,9 min, IC 95% 59,5-77,1; p < 0,001), com uma diferença significativa entre os grupos C-N1 e C-N2 (p < 0,001). O consumo total de paracetamol IV nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório foi reduzido no Grupo C-IV (672,6 ± 272,8 mg, IC 95% 559,9-785,2), Grupo C-N1 (715,6 ± 103,2 mg, IC 95% 590,4-840,8) e Grupo C-N2 (696,6 ± 133,3 mg, IC 95% 558,8-834,4) em comparação com o Grupo C (1153,8 ± 312,4 mg, IC 95% 1024,8-1282,8; p < 0,001). Não houve diferença entre os grupos de cetamina intravenosa e nebulizada (p = 0,312). Os pacientes dos grupos de cetamina intravenosa e nebulizada apresentaram escores VRS pós-operatórios menores, em comparação com o Grupo C (p < 0,001), sem diferenças entre os grupos C-IV, C-N1 ou C-N2 e sem efeitos adversos significativos. Conclusão A administração preventiva de cetamina nebulizada foi eficaz no alívio da dor pós-amigdalectomia. Cetamina nebulizada pode ser considerada como uma via alternativa eficaz à cetamina IV.

Características posoperatorias de la faringoplastia combinada con amigdalectomía en comparación con la amigdalectomía en niños con síndrome obstructivo de apnea del sueño / Postoperative characteristics of combined pharyngoplasty and tonsillectomy versus tonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Objetivo. Identificar las ventajas posoperatorias de la amigdalectomía en conjunto con la faringoplastia en comparación con la amigdalectomía sola en niños con apnea obstructiva del sueño. Métodos. En un estudio prospectivo observacional, los pacientes que cumplían con los criterios del estudio fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos: el grupo de amigdalectomía y faringoplastia, y el grupo de solo amigdalectomía. En ambos grupos, también se practicó adenoidectomía a los pacientes con vegetaciones. Se compararon los procesos de cicatrización en la herida faríngea y las proporciones hemorrágicas. Además, se evaluó la función velofaríngea posoperatoria. Resultados. La faringoplastia junto con la amigdalectomía se practicó en 328 niños con apnea obstructiva del sueño debido a hipertrofia amigdalina, y la amigdalectomía sola, en 275 niños. Estas cohortes no mostraban diferencias demográficas significativas. Por otro lado, se encontró que la pérdida de sangre fue significativamente menor en el grupo que recibió amigdalectomía y faringoplastia (p < 0,01), y el proceso de cicatrización fue notablemente más breve. La función velofaríngea posoperatoria no resultó afectada. Conclusiones. En comparación con la amigdalectomía, la amigdalectomía junto con la faringoplastia redujeron la duración del proceso de cicatrización y la pérdida de sangre; no obstante, las complicaciones posoperatorias no aumentaron. En nuestra opinión, la combinación de faringoplastia y amigdalectomía reúne un gran potencial en el tratamiento de los niños con apnea obstructiva del sueño.

Purpose. The study aims to identify the postoperative advantages of tonsillectomy in conjunction with pharyngoplasty and tonsillectomy alone in children with obstructive sleep apneas. Methods. In a prospective observational study, patients who met the study criteria were randomly divided into two groups: tonsillectomy and pharyngoplasty group, and tonsillectomy alone group. In both groups, adenoidectomy was also performed in patients with adenoid hypertrophy. Differences in their healing processes in the pharyngeal wound and their hemorrhage proportions were compared. Furthermore, postoperative velopharyngeal function was also assessed. Results. Pharyngoplasty together with tonsillectomy was performed in 328 children with obstructive sleep apnea from tonsillar hypertrophy, and tonsillectomy was performed in 275 children. These cohorts did not reveal any significant demographic differences between groups. Furthermore, blood loss was found to be significantly decreased in the tonsillectomy and pharyngoplasty group (P <0.01), and the healing process was markedly shorter. Postoperative velopharyngeal function was not affected. Conclusions. Tonsillectomy in conjunction with pharyngoplasty reduced the duration of the healing process and blood loss, compared with tonsillectomy alone; however, postoperative complications did not increase. We consider pharyngoplasty in conjunction with tonsillectomy has great potential in the treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Amigdalo adenoidectomía en pacientes con comobilidades / Adenotonsillectomy in patients with comorbidities

La adenoamigdalectomía es una de las cirugías más frecuentemente realizadas en los pacientes menores de 15 años. Es considerada una cirugía de mediana complejidad. No está exenta de riesgos y sus indicaciones deben ser muy bien evaluadas: la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior causada por hiperplasia y las infecciones bacterianas recurrentes son las indicaciones más frecuentes de amigdalectomía, y adenoidectomía. Objetivo: Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas de la población a quien se le practica adeno-amigdalectomía portadores de hipertrofia amigdalina y vegetaciones adenoideas (HAVA) en el Hospital J.P Garrahan, sus complicaciones y el tiempo de estadía hospitalaria. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo y transversal, con revisión de Historias clínicas de los pacientes adeno-amigdalectomizados entre Enero 2015 a Marzo 2016. Resultados: Se realizó amigdalectomía y/o adenoidectomía en 68 pacientes. 36 masculinos, 32 femeninos. 93% (63/68) presentaban comorbilidades. El 7% (5/68) eran niños previamente sanos. Promedio de edad: 12,5 años (rango 1-16 años), mediana de edad 6 años. Tipos de comorbilidades: síndromes genéticos 18/63, antecedente de transplantes sólidos o alogénicos de médula ósea 12/63, obesidad 6/68, patología de base con compromiso muscular 4/63, patologías hematológicas 2/63, pacientes neurológicos 12/63, otros 9/63. Presentó sangrado en el postoperatorio inmediato 1/68. El tiempo de internación promedio fue de 3 días (AU)

Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in patients under 15 years of age. It is considered an intermediate surgery that is not devoid of risks and its indications should be well evaluated. Upper airway obstruction caused by hyperplasia and recurrent bacterial infections are the most common indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological features of a series of patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy at Hospital J. P. Garrahan because of tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoid vegetation (THAV) assessing complications and the time of hospital stay. Material and methods: A descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted consisting of a review of the clinical charts of patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy between January 2015 and March 2016. Results: Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy was performed in 68 patients. 36 male, 32 female. Overall, 93% (63/68) presented with comorbidities; 7% (5/68) were previously healthy children. Mean age: 12.5 years (range, 1-16 years), median age: 6 years. Type of comorbidity: genetic syndromes 18/63, history of solid organ or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation 12/63, obesity 6/68, underlying muscular disorder 4/63, hematological disorders 2/63, neurological disorders 12/63, others 9/63. One patient had a hemorrhage in the immediate postoperative period 1/68. Mean hospital stay was 3 days (AU)

[Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome]. / Síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent in children and a major public health problem. An attempt is made to determine the clinical and polysomnographic presentation of paediatric OSA in our area. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of sleep tests conducted on children up to 14 years-old from 1999 to 2012 in the Sleep Unit of the University Hospital of Albacete. Age, gender, anthropometric, clinical data, indication and variables of sleep study, treatment, and outcomes were collected. RESULTS: The study included 234 children. OSA was found in 71.8%, with 42.3% moderate and 44.6% severe. The majority were male (60.7%) and the mean age 5 was years, of whom 78% were pre-school or school age. There was overweight/obesity in 44%, with 93.4% snoring, apnoea 84.5%, and 5.4% daytime sleepiness. There were 23 polysomnographies and 145 polygraphies, with a median apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) of 10, Sat.O2 minimum 84%, desaturation index 8, and mean sleep supine 53.65% and supine events 57.61%. Treatment was lifestyle modifications 29.2%, CPAP 6%, and surgery 42.9%. Improved snoring and/or apnoea 69.4%, and weight 32.4% of overweight/obesity children. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the studied children had a pathological AHI. Almost half were overweight/obese, and a high percentage had moderate-severe OSA. Most frequent treatment was surgery. The clinical outcome was favourable in almost 70%. Less than a third with OSA and overweight/obesity improved weight.

Puntos de aproximación de pilares en amigdalectomía pediátrica / Pillars´ approach suture points in pediatric tonsillectomy / Pontos de abordagem dos pilares na tonsilectomia pediátrica

INTRODUCCIÓN: A lo largo de los años, varias técnicas de amigdalectomía han sido desarrolladas y modificadas con el fin de reducir su morbimortalidad. Diversos estudios han comparado estas técnicas, no habiendo consenso en cuanto al método con mejores resultados. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es describir la técnica personal de amigdalectomía y analizar la frecuencia de sangrado y el desarrollo de insuficiencia velopalatina post-quirúrgica en la cirugía con aproximación de pilares. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes operados de amigdalectomía con amigdalotomo de Daniels, de 3 a 15 años, en el período comprendido desde febrero de 2017 a febrero de 2018, en el sistema de salud Malvinas Argentinas. Se interrogó por sintomatología de sangrado e insuficiencia velopalatina mediante una encuesta de elaboración propia a la semana y al mes post-quirúrgico...

INTRODUCTION: Throughout the years, several tonsillectomy techniques have been developed and modified in order to reduce their morbidity and mortality. Several studies have compared these techniques, and there is no consensus regarding the method with better results. The objective of our study is to describe the personal technique of tonsillectomy and analyze the frequency of bleeding and development of post-surgical velopalatine insufficiency in surgery with abutment approach. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive, prospective study. We included patients undergoing tonsillectomy with Daniels, from between 3 and 15 years old, from February 2017 to February 2018, in the Malvinas Argentinas hospital. They were interrogated for symptomatology of bleeding and velopalatine insufficiency by through of a self-developed questionnaire one week and one month after surgery…

INTRODUÇÃO: Ao longo dos anos, várias técnicas de amigdalectomia foram desenvolvidas e modificadas para reduzir sua morbidade e mortalidade. Diversos estudos compararam essas técnicas, não havendo consenso em relação ao método com melhores resultados. O objetivo do nosso trabalho é descrever a técnica pessoal de amigdalectomia e analisar a frequência de sangramento e o desenvolvimento de insuficiência velopalatina pós-cirúrgica em cirurgia com abordagem de abutment. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, prospectivo. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos à tonsilotomia com tonsilectomia de Daniels, de 3 a 15 anos, no período de fevereiro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018, no sistema de saúde Malvinas Argentinas. Foi interrogado por sintomatologia de hemorragia e insuficiência velopalatine por meio de um questionário autodevelado durante a semana e o mês pós-cirúrgico...

Perfil orofacial de crianças respiradoras orais pré adenoidectomia e/ou amidalectomia / Orofacial profile of mouth breathing children previous to adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy / Perfil orofacial en niños con respiración oral antes de una adenoidectomía y/o amigdalectomía

As obstruções das vias aéreas superiores, como tonsilas hipertrofiadas, são causas da respiração oral. Objetivo: traçar o perfil miofuncional orofacial de crianças respiradoras orais pré-adenoidectomia e/ou amidalectomia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de caráter quantitativo de levantamento de dados. As avaliações de motricidade orofacial basearam-se no protocolo MBGR. Resultados: foram avaliadas 32 crianças, com média de idade de 8,9 anos. Destas, 34,4% eram do sexo feminino e 65,6%, do sexo masculino; prevaleceram o aleitamento natural e o hábito oral. As principais queixas foram de respiração oral e ronco. A maioria foi encaminhada para a realização de adenoamigdalectomia. A postura corporal esteve normal. Prevaleceram lábios entreabertos e língua no assoalho bucal, má oclusão Classe II de Angle, presença de tonsilas hipertrofiadas. O ronco foi descrito em 100% da amostra. A deglutição atípica prevaleceu em 77,4%. A articulação apresentou-se predominantemente normal, as alterações articulatórias presentes foram observadas no sexo masculino. A postura de lábios entreabertos apresentou relação com a deglutição atípica. Conclusão: os dados levantados não diferem da literatura com relação à respiração oral obstrutiva. Abre-se espaço para pesquisas que abranjam o pré e pós-operatório, e que propiciem um acompanhamento longitudinal das crianças.

The obstruction of the upper airways, such as hypertrophic tonsils, is the main cause of mouth breathing. Objective: to trace the orofacial myofunctional profile of mouth-breathing children previous to adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. This is a descriptive quantitative study for data collection. Evaluations of orofacial motor function were based on the MBGR protocol. Results: 32 children with an age average of 8.9 years were evaluated; 34.4% of them were female and 65.6% male; breastfeeding and oral habits prevailed. The main complaints were oral breathing and snoring. Most were referred for adenotonsillectomy. The body posture was normal in 68.8% of the cases. There was a prevalence of parted lips and tongue in the mouth floor, Angle Class II malocclusion, besides hypertrophic tonsils. Snoring was described in 100% of the sample. Atypical swallowing was present in 77.4% of the sample. The articulation was predominantly normal, and articular changes were observed in males. Parted lips were related to atypical swallowing. Conclusion: the collected data did not differ from the literature regarding obstructive oral breathing. There is an open space for new research that embraces both pre- and postoperatory moments, providing a longitudinal monitoring of children.

Las obstrucciones de las vías respiratorias superiores, tales como las amígdalas hipertrofiadas, son la causa de la respiración oral. Objetivo: Trazar el perfil miofuncional orofacial de niños antes de la adenoidectomía y/o amigdalectomía. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo para la recopilación de datos. Las evaluaciones de la función motora orofacial se basaran en el protocolo MBGR. Resultados: Se evaluaron 32 niños con un pormedio de edad de 8,9 años. De estos, el 34,4% eran mujeres y 65,6%, hombres; han prevalecido la lactancia materna y el hábito oral. Las principales quejas eran la respiración oral y ronquidos. La mayoría fue remitida para la realización de adenoamigdalectomía. La postura del cuerpo ha prevalecido normal. Hubo prevalencia de labios entreabiertos y de lengua en el piso de la boca, maloclusión Clase II de Angle y la presencia de amígdalas hipertrofiadas. El ronquido fue descrito en el 100% de los casos. La función masticatoria era normal. La deglución atípica estaba presente en 77,4%. La articulación se presentó predominantemente normal, las alteraciones articulatorias presentes fueron observadas en el sexo masculino. Los labios entreabiertos presentaran relación con la deglución atípica. Conclusión: los datos levantados no difieren de la literatura acerca de la respiración oral de etiología obstructiva. Se abre espacio para investigaciones que cubran los períodos pre y postoperatorio y propicien un seguimiento longitudinal de los niños.